PCC Surface Characteristics - Rehabilitation (MnROAD Study)

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General Information
Study Number: TPF-5(134)
Former Study Number:
Lead Organization: Minnesota Department of Transportation
Solicitation Number: 1048
Partners: FHWA, MN, TX
Status: Closed
Est. Completion Date: Jul 30, 2014
Contract/Other Number:
Last Updated: Aug 08, 2017
Contract End Date: Jul 30, 2014
Financial Summary
Contract Amount: $275,000.00
Suggested Contribution:
Total Commitments Received: $275,000.00
100% SP&R Approval: Approved
Contact Information
Lead Study Contact(s): Lisa Jansen
lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Phone: 651-366-3779
FHWA Technical Liaison(s): Larry Wiser
Larry.Wiser@dot.gov
Phone: 202- 493-3079
Organization Year Commitments Technical Contact Name Funding Contact Name
Federal Highway Administration 2006 $125,000.00 Mark Swanlund Jean Landolt
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2006 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2007 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2008 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2009 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2010 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen
Texas Department of Transportation 2007 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey
Texas Department of Transportation 2008 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey
Texas Department of Transportation 2009 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey
Texas Department of Transportation 2010 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey
Texas Department of Transportation 2011 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey

Study Description

People desire smooth, quiet, and safe pavements. To encourage smooth pavements, we need to quantify the effects of other important pavement performance parameters on ride. These parameters include texture, noise, and friction. An understanding of the interaction of texture and ride is still very rudimentary. In 2002 the Mn/DOT Concrete Engineering Unit and the Concrete Pavers Association of Minnesota created a test section on TH 212 at Bird Island to study the effects of texture and joints in pavement smoothness. The results showed that profile index was affected by texture and joints. However, data is so far insufficient to define a global correlation between texture values and their effect on ride, and the results obtained for the effects of joints on ride were not conclusive because of unanticipated construction issues. One option is for rehabilitating Portland cement concrete pavements without the need to restore structural capacity is to diamond grind the surface. This process removes much of the pavement roughness and restores texture and friction. Many variables play into the grinding operation, such as blade spacing, depth of cut, kerf configuration, etc. There is a need for a standardized specification for diamond grinding. These parameters affect and govern the preponderant frequencies that cause noise when such frequencies are not randomized. Power spectrum density analysis of results obtained in the Bird Island Test section as well as profilometer-generated roughness showed that diamond grinding did improve the ride. The resulting texture and noise were not measured until 2005 when the FHWA PSC study team measured the site. Minor changes in the geometry of diamond grinding equipment tremendously affect the friction and noise performance, but the optimum geometry is still unknown. This research item is in harmony with the CPTP track 4 of the CPTP road map. This track seeks better understanding of concrete pavement surface characteristics and provides tools for engineers to help meet pre-determined requirements for ride quality, quietness, safety against hydroplaning and splash/spray, and durability. Related studies include: . TPF 962: Pavement Surface Properties Consortium: A Research Program (Virginia) . NCHRP 1-44: Measuring Tire-Pavement Noise at the Source (Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc.) . NCHRP 1-43: Guide for Pavement Friction (ERES) . TPF 956: PCC Surface Characteristics: Tire -Pavement Noise Program Part 3 - Innovative Solutions /Current Practices (Iowa State) . NCHRP 10-67: Texturing of Concrete Pavements (ERES) . Fundamentals of Tire/Road Interaction Noise (Purdue University) The TPF 962 study mentioned above is meant to serve mainly the Eastern United States. The research proposed in this work could be seen as a parallel research study for the Upper Midwest. MnROAD provides a unique opportunity to measure surface characteristics of a variety of PCC pavements with various pieces of equipment in a safe and controlled environment. This research also serves as an extension/validation of several of the current NCHRP studies. The findings relating to measuring noise and frictional characteristics could be validated with a field study at MnROAD. The current Purdue University study is expected to provide recommendations on pavement surface textures that can provide desirable levels of safety and reduction in noise levels. Along with that may come some recommendations on grinding operations so as to mitigate noise issues. The research proposed in this pooled fund study would serve to validate the recommendations from Purdue. The use of power spectrum density analysis to better characterize tire-pavement noise is also a unique feature to this project. As public demand for quieter pavements increase this study can lead to improved methods for modifying existing PCC pavements to make them quieter without sacrificing friction.

Objectives

Research findings will enable Mn/DOT to specify friction, ride, and texture ranges of values that will optimize quietness, ride, texture and friction in program delivery. It will reduce the incidence of uncomfortable ride, hydroplaning, and obnoxious whines. The average road user benefits from the results of this study. Research outcomes will facilitate a family of curves and algorithms that will address the optimization for giving good friction, which unfortunately was interpreted by profilometers as pavement roughness as well as noise and friction. We will have a prediction of noise level based on the grinding techniques. The project will provide data for optimization of pavement quietness, friction, texture and ride. We will be in a better position to improve our diamond grinding and texture specification if necessary. It will address the question as to what degree of total noise is generated by tire-pavement interaction. Monitored over time, performance versus time characteristics will be obtained for various grinding techniques. This pooled fund study is strictly to perform the surface characteristics research on rehabilitated test sections at MnROAD, and its funding will come from Mn/DOT and other participating states. The funding for the rehabilitation of the test sections will be obtained separately from Mn/DOT and other partners.

Scope of Work

A 3-mile concrete section of old westbound I-94 runs parallel to the Mainline at MnROAD. It is possible to use this entire stretch for applying different surface rehabilitation techniques for the purposes of this study. Mn/DOT plans to create contiguous test sections of each of the following rehabilitation techniques: . Diamond grinding (several variations) . Grooving . Exposed aggregate . Acid etching This project is expected to consist of the following tasks: . Work Plan: The work plan for this pooled fund study will be developed by the participating organizations. . Special Testing & Monitoring: A continuous testing and monitoring program will include: o Profile runs with the single laser LWP on all strips. o Profile runs with the multi laser LWP on all strips. o Profile runs with the Australian Walking Profiler (ARRB WP) on textured and un-textured strips. o Texture measurements at every 5-ft on the textured (each side) and the untextured strips with circular texture meter. o Friction measurements with the FHWA skid trailer on the textured strips compared to the un-textured strips. o Sound measurements (tire pavement interaction) on the textured and untextured strips with the NCAT trailer, close proximity measurements, or roadside measurements. . Noise Modeling & Validation: Apply the findings of this study to current noise modeling software (TNM, MINNOISE, etc.). . Pooled Fund Travel: Money for each state to travel to discuss the progress of the study. . Data Analysis & Reports: Work done under a research contract will develop interim and final reports that document the findings of this study.

Comments

Mn/DOT along with other participating states are asked to contribute $15,000 per year for 5 years to fund the research proposed in this pooled fund study. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (as the lead agency) along with other partners will provide other funding outside of this pooled fund study to rehabilitate the concrete pavement test sections with regard to certain surface characteristics.

Documents Attached
Title File/Link Type Privacy Download
TPF-5(134) Closeout Letter TPF-5(134) Closeout Letter-Signed.pdf Memorandum Public
TPF-5(134) Closeout Funding Spreadsheet TPF-5(134) Closeout Funding Spreadsheet.pdf Other Public
Quarterly Report Final Oct 1 - Oct 31 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Final - October 1 - October 31 2014docx.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report July-September 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form - July ToSept 2014docx.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report April- June 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form - April to June 2014.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report January - March 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form -January to March 2014.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report October -December 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - October to December 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report July to September 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - July to September 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report April-June 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - April-June 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Pavement Texture and Relationship to Rolling Resistance. June 2013 http://www.lrrb.org/media/reports/201316.pdf Report Public
Link To Report on Diamond Grinding June 2013 http://www.lrrb.org/media/reports/201318.pdf Report Public
REPORTS FROM THIS STUDY (LINKS) LINKS TO PUBLISHED REPORTS FROM STUDY TPF 5-(134).docx Other Public
Quarterly Report (October -December 2012) TPF Quarterly Report Form - Revised Oct -December 2012.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 3) InnovativeGrinding-Year3-AnnualReport-30Jul12.pdf Annual Report Public
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 2) InnovativeGrinding-Year2-AnnualReport-17May12.pdf Annual Report Public
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 1) InnovativeGrinding-Year1-AnnualReport-30Dec10.pdf Report Public
Quarterly Report (January- March 2013) TPF Quarterly Report Form - January-March 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
July - September 2012 2011 4th Quarter Oct -Dec 2011 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
April - June 2012 2012 2nd QuarterApril-June 2012 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report October-December 2011 2011 4th Quarter Oct -Dec 2011 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
April - June 2011 2011Third Quarter July -Sept 2011 TPF 5-134.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2010 Quarterly_Report_2010-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January - March 2011 2011First QuarterJan -March2011TPF 5-134.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January 2010 - March 2010 Jan_March_2010_TPF_5-134_(2).pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July - September 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: April - June 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July - September 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January - March 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-03-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January 2008 - March 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-03-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October 2007 - December 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: April-June 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: Arpil 2007 - June 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July 2007 - September 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Documents Attached
Title File/Link Type Privacy Download
PCC Surface Characteristics - Rehabilitation (MnROAD Study) http://www.mnroad.dot.state.mn.us/research/Construction/2007mnroad/Mnroad2005.pdf Solicitation Public

PCC Surface Characteristics - Rehabilitation (MnROAD Study)

General Information
Study Number: TPF-5(134)
Lead Organization: Minnesota Department of Transportation
Solicitation Number: 1048
Partners: FHWA, MN, TX
Status: Closed
Est. Completion Date: Jul 30, 2014
Contract/Other Number:
Last Updated: Aug 08, 2017
Contract End Date: Jul 30, 2014
Financial Summary
Contract Amount: $275,000.00
Total Commitments Received: $275,000.00
100% SP&R Approval:
Contact Information
Lead Study Contact(s): Lisa Jansen
lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Phone: 651-366-3779
FHWA Technical Liaison(s): Larry Wiser
Larry.Wiser@dot.gov
Phone: 202- 493-3079
Commitments by Organizations
Organization Year Commitments Technical Contact Name Funding Contact Name Contact Number Email Address
Federal Highway Administration 2006 $125,000.00 Mark Swanlund Jean Landolt 202-493-3146 Jean.Landolt@dot.gov
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2006 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen 651-366-3779 lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2007 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen 651-366-3779 lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2008 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen 651-366-3779 lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2009 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen 651-366-3779 lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Minnesota Department of Transportation 2010 $15,000.00 Lisa Jansen 651-366-3779 lisa.jansen@state.mn.us
Texas Department of Transportation 2007 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey 512- 416-4730 rtimain@txdot.gov
Texas Department of Transportation 2008 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey 512- 416-4730 rtimain@txdot.gov
Texas Department of Transportation 2009 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey 512- 416-4730 rtimain@txdot.gov
Texas Department of Transportation 2010 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey 512- 416-4730 rtimain@txdot.gov
Texas Department of Transportation 2011 $15,000.00 Hua Chen Frank Bailey 512- 416-4730 rtimain@txdot.gov

Study Description

Study Description

People desire smooth, quiet, and safe pavements. To encourage smooth pavements, we need to quantify the effects of other important pavement performance parameters on ride. These parameters include texture, noise, and friction. An understanding of the interaction of texture and ride is still very rudimentary. In 2002 the Mn/DOT Concrete Engineering Unit and the Concrete Pavers Association of Minnesota created a test section on TH 212 at Bird Island to study the effects of texture and joints in pavement smoothness. The results showed that profile index was affected by texture and joints. However, data is so far insufficient to define a global correlation between texture values and their effect on ride, and the results obtained for the effects of joints on ride were not conclusive because of unanticipated construction issues. One option is for rehabilitating Portland cement concrete pavements without the need to restore structural capacity is to diamond grind the surface. This process removes much of the pavement roughness and restores texture and friction. Many variables play into the grinding operation, such as blade spacing, depth of cut, kerf configuration, etc. There is a need for a standardized specification for diamond grinding. These parameters affect and govern the preponderant frequencies that cause noise when such frequencies are not randomized. Power spectrum density analysis of results obtained in the Bird Island Test section as well as profilometer-generated roughness showed that diamond grinding did improve the ride. The resulting texture and noise were not measured until 2005 when the FHWA PSC study team measured the site. Minor changes in the geometry of diamond grinding equipment tremendously affect the friction and noise performance, but the optimum geometry is still unknown. This research item is in harmony with the CPTP track 4 of the CPTP road map. This track seeks better understanding of concrete pavement surface characteristics and provides tools for engineers to help meet pre-determined requirements for ride quality, quietness, safety against hydroplaning and splash/spray, and durability. Related studies include: . TPF 962: Pavement Surface Properties Consortium: A Research Program (Virginia) . NCHRP 1-44: Measuring Tire-Pavement Noise at the Source (Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc.) . NCHRP 1-43: Guide for Pavement Friction (ERES) . TPF 956: PCC Surface Characteristics: Tire -Pavement Noise Program Part 3 - Innovative Solutions /Current Practices (Iowa State) . NCHRP 10-67: Texturing of Concrete Pavements (ERES) . Fundamentals of Tire/Road Interaction Noise (Purdue University) The TPF 962 study mentioned above is meant to serve mainly the Eastern United States. The research proposed in this work could be seen as a parallel research study for the Upper Midwest. MnROAD provides a unique opportunity to measure surface characteristics of a variety of PCC pavements with various pieces of equipment in a safe and controlled environment. This research also serves as an extension/validation of several of the current NCHRP studies. The findings relating to measuring noise and frictional characteristics could be validated with a field study at MnROAD. The current Purdue University study is expected to provide recommendations on pavement surface textures that can provide desirable levels of safety and reduction in noise levels. Along with that may come some recommendations on grinding operations so as to mitigate noise issues. The research proposed in this pooled fund study would serve to validate the recommendations from Purdue. The use of power spectrum density analysis to better characterize tire-pavement noise is also a unique feature to this project. As public demand for quieter pavements increase this study can lead to improved methods for modifying existing PCC pavements to make them quieter without sacrificing friction.

Objectives

Research findings will enable Mn/DOT to specify friction, ride, and texture ranges of values that will optimize quietness, ride, texture and friction in program delivery. It will reduce the incidence of uncomfortable ride, hydroplaning, and obnoxious whines. The average road user benefits from the results of this study. Research outcomes will facilitate a family of curves and algorithms that will address the optimization for giving good friction, which unfortunately was interpreted by profilometers as pavement roughness as well as noise and friction. We will have a prediction of noise level based on the grinding techniques. The project will provide data for optimization of pavement quietness, friction, texture and ride. We will be in a better position to improve our diamond grinding and texture specification if necessary. It will address the question as to what degree of total noise is generated by tire-pavement interaction. Monitored over time, performance versus time characteristics will be obtained for various grinding techniques. This pooled fund study is strictly to perform the surface characteristics research on rehabilitated test sections at MnROAD, and its funding will come from Mn/DOT and other participating states. The funding for the rehabilitation of the test sections will be obtained separately from Mn/DOT and other partners.

Scope of Work

A 3-mile concrete section of old westbound I-94 runs parallel to the Mainline at MnROAD. It is possible to use this entire stretch for applying different surface rehabilitation techniques for the purposes of this study. Mn/DOT plans to create contiguous test sections of each of the following rehabilitation techniques: . Diamond grinding (several variations) . Grooving . Exposed aggregate . Acid etching This project is expected to consist of the following tasks: . Work Plan: The work plan for this pooled fund study will be developed by the participating organizations. . Special Testing & Monitoring: A continuous testing and monitoring program will include: o Profile runs with the single laser LWP on all strips. o Profile runs with the multi laser LWP on all strips. o Profile runs with the Australian Walking Profiler (ARRB WP) on textured and un-textured strips. o Texture measurements at every 5-ft on the textured (each side) and the untextured strips with circular texture meter. o Friction measurements with the FHWA skid trailer on the textured strips compared to the un-textured strips. o Sound measurements (tire pavement interaction) on the textured and untextured strips with the NCAT trailer, close proximity measurements, or roadside measurements. . Noise Modeling & Validation: Apply the findings of this study to current noise modeling software (TNM, MINNOISE, etc.). . Pooled Fund Travel: Money for each state to travel to discuss the progress of the study. . Data Analysis & Reports: Work done under a research contract will develop interim and final reports that document the findings of this study.

Comments

Mn/DOT along with other participating states are asked to contribute $15,000 per year for 5 years to fund the research proposed in this pooled fund study. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (as the lead agency) along with other partners will provide other funding outside of this pooled fund study to rehabilitate the concrete pavement test sections with regard to certain surface characteristics.

Title File/Link Type Private
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 2) InnovativeGrinding-Year2-AnnualReport-17May12.pdf Annual Report Public
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 3) InnovativeGrinding-Year3-AnnualReport-30Jul12.pdf Annual Report Public
TPF-5(134) Closeout Letter TPF-5(134) Closeout Letter-Signed.pdf Memorandum Public
REPORTS FROM THIS STUDY (LINKS) LINKS TO PUBLISHED REPORTS FROM STUDY TPF 5-(134).docx Other Public
TPF-5(134) Closeout Funding Spreadsheet TPF-5(134) Closeout Funding Spreadsheet.pdf Other Public
Quarterly Report: Arpil 2007 - June 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July 2007 - September 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October 2007 - December 2007 Quarterly_Report_2007-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January 2008 - March 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-03-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: April-June 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July - September 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2008 Quarterly_Report_2008-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January - March 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-03-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: April - June 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-06-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: July - September 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-09-30.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2009 Quarterly_Report_2009-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January 2010 - March 2010 Jan_March_2010_TPF_5-134_(2).pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: January - March 2011 2011First QuarterJan -March2011TPF 5-134.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report: October - December 2010 Quarterly_Report_2010-12-31.pdf Quarterly Progress Report Public
April - June 2011 2011Third Quarter July -Sept 2011 TPF 5-134.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report October-December 2011 2011 4th Quarter Oct -Dec 2011 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
April - June 2012 2012 2nd QuarterApril-June 2012 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
July - September 2012 2011 4th Quarter Oct -Dec 2011 TPF 5-134.doc Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report (January- March 2013) TPF Quarterly Report Form - January-March 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report (October -December 2012) TPF Quarterly Report Form - Revised Oct -December 2012.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report April-June 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - April-June 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report July to September 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - July to September 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report October -December 2013 TPF Quarterly Report Form - October to December 2013.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report January - March 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form -January to March 2014.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report April- June 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form - April to June 2014.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Progress Report July-September 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Form - July ToSept 2014docx.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Quarterly Report Final Oct 1 - Oct 31 2014 TPF Quarterly Report Final - October 1 - October 31 2014docx.docx Quarterly Progress Report Public
Annual Pavement Performance Trends (Year 1) InnovativeGrinding-Year1-AnnualReport-30Dec10.pdf Report Public
Link To Report on Diamond Grinding June 2013 Report Public
Pavement Texture and Relationship to Rolling Resistance. June 2013 Report Public
Title File/Link Type Private
PCC Surface Characteristics - Rehabilitation (MnROAD Study) Solicitation Public

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